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William Alexander Hammond (28 August 1828 – 5 January 1900) was an American military physician and neurologist. During the American Civil War he was the eleventh Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) and the founder of the Army Medical Museum (now the National Museum of Health and Medicine). He was the first American physician to devote himself entirely to neurology, the author of the first American treatise about neurology, and one of the founders of the American Neurological Association.〔Freemon, PMID 11770195〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url= http://www.uab.edu/reynolds/cwfigs/hammond )〕〔G. E. Scott; J. F. Toole, "1860 — Neurology was there". ''Arch Neurol.'', 1998 Dec;55(12):1584-5. Abstract : PMID 9865808〕 == Biography == Born in Annapolis (Maryland), Hammond grew up in Harrisburg (Pennsylvania). He received his M.D. from New York University〔Then known as the University of the City of New York〕 at the age of 20.〔 After his internship and a few months in private practice he became assistant-surgeon in the American Army, serving from 1849 to 1860. He was first sent to New Mexico and took part in the Sioux Wars. While on sick leave, he visited military hospitals in Europe.〔Hammond left and returned in early August. Blustein, 〕 He conducted research over many years and the resulting paper was awarded a prize by the American Medical Association in 1857.〔Hammond (1857)〕 With a common interest in poisons acting on the nervous system (among them snake venom), he wrote a paper with Silas Weir Mitchell that was published in 1859.〔July 1859 issue of ''The American Journal of the Medical Sciences''. The paper is about corroval and vao, two substances to poison arrows. Brown-Séquard (1859) blamed the authors on a point: subsuming those poisons under the generic name of "curares": ''(Journal de la physiologie de l'homme et des animaux )''. 2:707–709 〕 While serving at Fort Riley as medical director, Hammond also collected biological specimens.〔Phalen〕 In 1860 he accepted a chair of anatomy and physiology at the University of Maryland in Baltimore and left the army. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William A. Hammond」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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